Biomechanical comparison of three internal fixation configurations for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the biomechanical stiffness and strength of different internal fixation configurations and find suitable treatment strategies for low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus.Methods and materialsThirty 4^th generation composite humeri were used to create low transcondylar fracture models that were fixed by orthogonal and parallel double plates as well as posterolateral plate and medial screw (PPMS) configurations (n=10 in each group) using an anatomical locking compression plate-screw system and fully threaded medial cortical screws. Posterior bending (maximum 50 N), axial loading (maximum 200 N) and internal rotation (maximum 10 N·m) were tested, in that order, for each specimen. Stiffness under different biomechanical settings among different configurations were compared. Another 18 sets of fracture models were created using these three configurations (n=6 in each group) and the load to failure under axial loading among different configurations was compared.ResultsUnder posterior bending, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P<0.001), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P<0.001). Under axial loading, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.001) and PPMS group (P<0.001); however, the difference between orthogonal and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Under internal rotation, the stiffness of parallel group was higher than orthogonal group (P=0.044), and orthogonal group was higher than PPMS group (P=0.029). In failure test under axial loading, the load to failure in the orthogonal group was lower than parallel group (P=0.009) and PPMS group (P=0.021), but the difference between parallel group and PPMS group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All specimens in orthogonal group demonstrated “distal medial failure”; most specimens had “distal medial and trochlear failure” in the parallel group; most specimens exhibited “contact failure” in the PPMS group.ConclusionFor treating low transcondylar fractures, the overall stiffness and strength of the parallel configuration were superior to those of the orthogonal and PPMS configurations. Nevertheless, the PPMS configuration can provide adequate stability and stiffness comparable to double-plate configurations under axial loading. Therefore, the PPMS construct may have certain clinical value.     

创伤性肘关节僵硬致病原因分析

一、概述肘部主要功能是连接上臂与前臂,维持手部在空间的位置,从而发挥上肢功能。文献报道约5%~15%的肘部创伤后会出现肘僵硬,是人体最容易出现僵硬的关节。既往曾将伸肘受限>30°、屈肘<130°考虑为手术松解的指征,然而由于现代生活中对肘部活动范围的要求越来越高,当其不能满足生活、工作需要时即可诊断为肘僵硬。     

老年髋部骨折患者跌倒的现状研究

目的探讨跌倒所致髋部骨折患者的流行病学情况。方法收集2015年5月至2017年12月住院的年龄≥65岁脆性髋部骨折患者(A组),其中男性179例,女性456例;并以同期老年科住院的年龄≥65岁无髋部骨折病史患者作为对照(B组),其中男性29例,女性52例;应用SPSS 19统计学软件,采用二元Logistic回归分析危险因素。结果①635例髋部骨折老年患者,平均年龄(79.69±7.64)岁;有45.2%的跌倒是发生在家中,在家中的高发地点是卧室、起居室(占家中跌倒的72.1%),跌倒高发时间为入睡时间段,22:00～7:00占33.6%;有54.8%的跌倒是发生在户外,老人因使用非机动车产生的相关非暴力伤占到户外跌倒的28.2%。②发生跌倒后髋部骨折与老人行走时是否使用助行器(P=0.000)、步态(P=0.000)、优势手握力(P=0.000)、内科合并症CCI(P=0.006)有关;其中,行走时需要双手支撑辅助的老年患者比独立行走的老年患者发生髋部骨折的风险高4.7倍(95%CI:2.7,8.0)。③反复发生跌倒,即跌倒超高危老人与行走时是否使用助行器(P=0.000)、优势手握力(P=0.027)、内科合并症指数(P=0.027)相关。结论老年人需尽可能的改善肌力及掌控平衡,居家出门少的老人需要注意卧室和起居室的布置,使用非机动车来助行的老人在上下车时及行驶时需要尽可能的缓慢来预防跌倒。随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,需要更多的社会力量来开展跌倒预防及跌倒损伤发生后的复健工作。     

Disease distribution and medical resoureces during the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games

Background Appropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services.The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 Olympics and Paralympics,with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.Methods A total of 22 029 and 8046 patients,who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic or Paralympic medical station,were included. The patient proportion among different personnel,various disease proportions at different kinds of venues,and the disease spectrum at specified venues at the Olympics and Paralympics were analyzed.Results At both games,the patient proportion varied by accreditation status. The staff accounted for the largest number of visits at the Olympics (44.83%) and Paralympics (36.95%),with respiratory diseases the most common. Various disease spectrums were discovered at the different kinds of venues. Surgical diseases were the most frequently listed reason for visits,both at competition and non-competition venues,especially during the Paralympics. The sport-related injuries accounted for a majority of the surgical cases during both games. At training venues,ear nose and throat diseases accounted for the greatest number of visits during both games.Conclusions During both games,people contracted different diseases at different venues. Adequate surgeons should be designated to offer assistance mostly in trauma situations. Appropriate numbers of physicians in respiratory diseases and otorhinolaryngology is of great importance.     

112例髋臼骨折手术治疗结果分析

目的：通过对髋臼骨折手术治疗结果的分析和总结，以期进一步提高其治疗效果。方法：112例髋臼骨折患者，男94例，女18例，平均年龄37．6岁。均按Letournel和Judet的髋臼骨折分类法进行分型；所有新鲜骨折受伤距手术的平均时间为9.5d，常用手术入路为Kocher-Langenbeck入路，髋腹股沟入路和前后联合入路，采用专有器械及骨盆重建和螺丝钉对骨折进行复位和固定。结果：平均随访时间为45．7个月（6－93个月），根据改良的Merle d‘Aubigne和Postel的髋臼骨折临床结果评分标准，本组优35例，良47例，一般18例，差12例，优良率为73．2％。股骨头坏死8例，无一例死亡，感染及不愈合。结论：及时手术，解剖复位，早期功能锻炼，术者的经验以及对合并损佃的积极治疗是获得良好临床结果的关键。     

髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前深静脉血栓形成的影响因素

目的探讨影响髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的危险因素。方法回顾性分析287例髋臼及骨盆骨折患者临床资料及术前DVT检查结果,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析进行术前DVT危险因素分析。结果 287例手术患者术前37例检出DVT,发生率为12.89%。DVT组年龄40岁以上各组比例明显高于非血栓患者(P<0.05),术前卧床时间30d以上比例最高(P<0.05),合并高凝状态疾病组、合并其他创伤组、高能创伤组、吸烟组比例明显高于非血栓患者(P<0.05),D-D二聚体<500μg/L、术前抗凝预防措施组比例明显低于非血栓患者(P<0.05)。年龄、合并高凝状态、合并其他创伤、D-D二聚体水平是术前DVT形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05),术前抗凝预防措施是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前存在较高DVT形成风险,并与年龄增长、D-D二聚体水平升高、高凝状态及合并其他创伤密切相关,应加强重点人群的预防和筛查,术前低分子肝素抗凝预防治疗能有效降低DVT发生,但应结合出血风险,制定合理预防干预方法。     

创伤骨科患者创伤严重程度和血浆D二聚体水平的相关分析

Background  The correlation between the plasma D-dimer level and deep vein thrombosis has not been conclusive in various studies. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of orthopedic trauma by retrospective examination of orthopedic trauma cases.

Methods  Clinically acute trauma and non-acute trauma patients were selected and their plasma D-dimer levels were measured. Plasma D-dimer levels in patients of these two groups were compared. The relationship between the plasma D-dimer level and the severity of the trauma was also studied.

Results  There were 548 cases in the acute trauma group and 501 cases in the non-acute trauma group. The levels of plasma D-dimer were significantly higher in the acute trauma group than in the non-acute trauma group (P <0.01). In the acute trauma group, the correlation between the D-dimer level and the number of fractures was a positive linear correlation (r=0.9532).

Conclusions  Elevated plasma D-dimer is common in trauma patients. The D-dimer level and the number of fractures in the trauma patients are closely correlated. D-dimer is not only an indicator for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus, but also an indicator of the severity of trauma in acute trauma patients.

     

Effect of two intensive insulin therapy regimens on perioperative glycemic control in bone fracture patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Currently,there are no uniform standards and methods for perioperative glycemic control in bone fracture patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).We retrospectively analyzed the efficac...     

带锁髓内钉治疗新鲜四肢长骨干骨折1224例疗效分析

目的总结带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干、股骨干、股骨髁上、胫骨干和转子间骨折的疗效。方法自1996年10月至2004年6月间使用带锁髓内钉治疗的有完整资料的新鲜四肢骨折1224例,男778例,女446例;平均年龄39岁(16￣92岁)。骨折位于肱骨干92例,股骨转子间210例,股骨干488例,股骨髁上92例,胫骨342例。闭合骨折按AO分型:A型642例;B型364例;C型218例。开放骨折15例(GustiloⅠ型8例,GustiloⅡ型7例)。受伤至手术时间平均为8d(3h￣33d)。闭合复位1203例,切开复位23例;扩髓409例,非扩髓815例。结果平均随访时间为24个月(6￣70个月)。1204例骨折愈合,愈合率为98.2%,平均愈合时间为5个月(3￣12个月)。骨折不愈合22例,其中肱骨4例,股骨8例,股骨髁上4例,胫骨6例,总不愈合率为1.8%。术后无急性感染发生,3例发生晚期深部感染,总感染率为0.2%。术中16例发生严重骨折劈裂,4例为肱骨逆行髓内钉固定,4例Gamma钉固定,9例为股骨逆行髓内钉固定,占1.3%。6例发生医原性神经损伤,占0.4%。股骨髓内钉主钉断裂1例,锁钉断裂9例(0.6%)。晚期髓内钉末端骨折3例,占0.2%。53例主诉髓内钉尾端部位不适,占4.3%。结论闭合复位带锁髓内钉治疗骨干骨折在骨折愈合率、感染率、出血量、功能恢复情况和早期活动方面均较满意,是治疗骨干骨折较好的方法,但     

计算机辅助带锁髓内钉固定胫骨骨折全程规划手术系统的实验研究

目的评价计算机辅助带锁髓内钉固定胫骨骨折全程手术规划系统的有效性及临床可行性。方法在分析系统结构和操作流程的基础上,利用塑料胫骨模型(9根)和尸体胫骨(12具下肢肢体)进行基于C型臂透视图像的术中骨折肢体图像拼接、骨折闭合复位及髓内钉置入仿真测量实验；利用胫骨模型及尸体胫骨进行图像拼接精度分析,以验证图像拼接与规划模块的正确性。利用尸体胫骨进行计算机辅助骨折闭合复位试验,分析骨折复位机构模块的操作可行性。结果图像拼接模块只需术中采集7～10张有效的C型臂图像即可拼接出下肢长骨的全景图像,为采集图像所需的术中透视时间为(19．75±0．61)s；计算机进行X线透视图像采集和拼接总时间为(4．17±0．86)min；塑料模型拼接精度达(1．26±0．76)mm。结论该系统实现了基于C型臂拼接图像的计算机辅助胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定全程手术规划,术中可完成骨折复位图像分析、手术规划、虚拟仿真,髓内钉型号选择以及骨折复位等关键操作,为计算机辅助骨科手术系统治疗长骨骨折搭建了精确、安全、稳定的软硬件技术平台。